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Definition and Functionality
CNC (Numerical Control Machine Tool) controller refers to the program control system of computer numerical control machine tool (computer numerical control). It can logically process the programs with control codes or other symbolic instructions, and decode them through the computer, so that the machine tool can perform the specified actions, and the blanks are processed into semi-finished parts by tool cutting, which greatly improves mold processing productivity.
Axis Control Function
Number and Types of Axes
This function refers to the number of axes that the CNC can control and control at the same time. For the axes of CNC machine tool movement, there are moving axes and rotary axes, and there are basic axes and additional axes.
- General CNC Lathes: Only need 2 simultaneous control axes.
- CNC Milling Machines, CNC Boring Machines, and Machining Centers: Require 3 or more control axes.
- Simultaneous Control Axes: Can be 2 ou 3 axes according to the application.
- CNC Machine Tools for Curved Surface Processing: Require more than 3 simultaneous control axes.
The more axes to be controlled, especially the more axes to be controlled at the same time, the more complex the CNC controller will be, and the more difficult it will be to program multi-axis linkage parts.
Preparation Function (G Function)
The preparation function is used to instruct the machine tool movement mode functions, including basic movement, plane selection, coordinate setting, tool compensation, canned cycle, metric-inch conversion, and other commands. It is expressed with G and the two digits after it.
Interpolation Function
CNC realizes the trajectory of tool movement through software interpolation. Due to the strong real-time nature of continuous contour control, the calculation speed of software interpolation is difficult to meet the requirements of CNC machine tools for feed speed and resolution, and requires CNC to continuously expand other functions to reduce the CPU time occupied by interpolation calculation.
Coarse and Fine Interpolation
- Coarse Interpolation: The software interpolates a small line segment data at a time.
- Fine Interpolation: The private server interface divides the small line segment into a single pulse according to the result of the coarse interpolation.
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